Immune-checkpoint protein VISTA critically regulates the IL-23/IL-17 inflammatory axis

Commensal-dependent expression of IL-25 regulates the IL-23–IL-17 axis in the intestine

Alterations in the composition of intestinal commensal bacteria are associated with enhanced susceptibility to multiple inflammatory diseases, including those conditions associated with interleukin (IL)-17-producing CD4(+) T helper (Th17) cells. However, the relationship between commensal bacteria and the expression of proinflammatory cytokines remains unclear. Using germ-free mice, we show tha...

VISTA is an immune checkpoint molecule for human T cells.

V-domain Ig suppressor of T cell activation (VISTA) is a potent negative regulator of T-cell function that is expressed on hematopoietic cells. VISTA levels are heightened within the tumor microenvironment, in which its blockade can enhance antitumor immune responses in mice. In humans, blockade of the related programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) pathway has shown great potential in clinical immunoth...

The IL-23/IL-17 axis in inflammation.

IL-23 induces the differentiation of naive CD4(+) T cells into highly pathogenic helper T cells (Th17/Th(IL-17)) that produce IL-17, IL-17F, IL-6, and TNF-alpha, but not IFN-gamma and IL-4. Two studies in this issue of the JCI demonstrate that blocking IL-23 or its downstream factors IL-17 and IL-6, but not the IL-12/IFN-gamma pathways, can significantly suppress disease development in animal m...

The Role of IL-23/IL-17 Axis in Lupus

The IL-23/IL-17 axis as a therapeutic target.

T helper (Th) cells are known to differentiate into several distinct subsets depending on their environment. The Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-producing subset Th17, which was reported and named in 2005, has been extensively analyzed because a strong association with inflammatory disorders has been suggested. The condition in which Th17 cells are differentiated, critical transcription factors, and sim...